Inovação na América Latina: temas e metodologias emergentes - Innovation in Latin America: emerging themes and methodologies

Este estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literaturacontemporânea sobre inovação na América Latina. O principal objetivo éencontrar temas recorrentes, criando interceptos de pesquisa para futurasinvestigações a partir da observação de objetos, conteúdos e modelos emascensão. O portfólio bibliográfico, totaliza 47 artigos em língua inglesapublicados entre 2015 e 2017 em periódico, que foram classificadose codificados sistematicamente. Além disto, a análise qualitativa deconteúdo de cada obra está disponível como Apêndice deste artigo.Por meio de uma série de levantamentos comparativos, é traçada umalinha vigente de relevância e contribuição de autores, nacionalidades eperiódicos. Encontrou-se uma preponderância de análises quantitativasde dados secundários, com janelas de tempo estáticas ou curtas (até 3anos), e que abordam temas empresariais ou de políticas de inovação.A amostragem aponta Brasil, Espanha e Colômbia (respectivamente),como as nacionalidades mais representativas na produção acadêmicacontemporânea sobre o recorte proposto

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Measurement of CPCP-violating and mixing-induced observables in Bs0→ϕγB_s^0 \to \phi\gamma decays

International audienceA time-dependent analysis of the Bs0→ϕγ decay rate is performed to determine the CP -violating observables Sϕγ and Cϕγ and the mixing-induced observable AϕγΔ. The measurement is based on a sample of pp collision data recorded with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1 at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measured values are Sϕγ=0.43±0.30±0.11, Cϕγ=0.11±0.29±0.11, and AϕγΔ=-0.67-0.41+0.37±0.17, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the first measurement of the observables S and C in radiative Bs0 decays. The results are consistent with the standard model predictions

Observation of Several Sources of CPCP Violation in B+→π+π+π−B^+ \to \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^- Decays

International audienceObservations are reported of different sources of CP violation from an amplitude analysis of B+→π+π+π- decays, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1 of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. A large CP asymmetry is observed in the decay amplitude involving the tensor f2(1270) resonance, and in addition significant CP violation is found in the π+π-S wave at low invariant mass. The presence of CP violation related to interference between the π+π-S wave and the P wave B+→ρ(770)0π+ amplitude is also established; this causes large local asymmetries but cancels when integrated over the phase space of the decay. The results provide both qualitative and quantitative new insights into CP -violation effects in hadronic B decays

Measurement of CP violation in the Bs0→ϕϕ {B}_s^0\to \phi \phi decay and search for the B0→ϕϕB^0\rightarrow \phi\phi decay

International audienceA measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in ${B}_s^0\to \phi \phi$ decays is presented. Using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb^{−}^{1} collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV in 2011, 8 TeV in 2012 and 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016, a signal yield of around 9000 ${B}_s^0\to \phi \phi$ decays is obtained. The CP-violating phase ${\phi}_s^{s\overline{s}s}$ is measured to be −0.073 ± 0.115(stat) ± 0.027(syst) rad, under the assumption it is independent of the helicity of the ϕϕ decay. In addition, the CP-violating phases of the transverse polarisations under the assumption of CP conservation of the longitudinal phase are measured. The helicity-independent direct CP-violation parameter is also measured, and is found to be |λ| = 0.99 ± 0.05(stat) ± 0.01(syst). In addition, T-odd triple-product asymmetries are measured. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis of CP conservation in $\overline{b}\to \overline{s}s\overline{s}s$ transitions. Finally, a limit on the branching fraction of the B$^{0}$ → ϕϕ decay is determined to be $\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to \phi \phi \right)<2.7\times {10}^{-8}$ at 90 % confidence level

Search for the lepton-flavour-violating decays Bs0→τ±μ∓B^{0}_{s}\to\tau^{\pm}\mu^{\mp} and B0→τ±μ∓B^{0}\to\tau^{\pm}\mu^{\mp}

International audienceResults are reported from a search for the rare decays Bs0→τ±μ∓ and B0→τ±μ∓, where the τ lepton is reconstructed in the channel τ-→π-π+π-ντ. These processes are effectively forbidden in the standard model, but they can potentially occur at detectable rates in models of new physics that can induce lepton-flavor-violating decays. The search is based on a data sample corresponding to 3  fb-1 of proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012. The event yields observed in the signal regions for both processes are consistent with the expected standard model backgrounds. Because of the limited mass resolution arising from the undetected τ neutrino, the Bs0 and B0 signal regions are highly overlapping. Assuming no contribution from B0→τ±μ∓, the upper limit B(Bs0→τ±μ∓)<4.2×10-5 is obtained at 95% confidence level. If no contribution from Bs0→τ±μ∓ is assumed, a limit of B(B0→τ±μ∓)<1.4×10-5 is obtained at 95% confidence level. These results represent the first limit on B(Bs0→τ±μ∓) and the most stringent limit on B(B0→τ±μ∓)

Amplitude analysis of the B+→π+π+π−B^+ \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^+\pi^- decay

International audienceThe results of an amplitude analysis of the charmless three-body decay B+→π+π+π-, in which CP-violation effects are taken into account, are reported. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1 of pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. The most challenging aspect of the analysis is the description of the behavior of the π+π-  S-wave contribution, which is achieved by using three complementary approaches based on the isobar model, the K-matrix formalism, and a quasi-model-independent procedure. Additional resonant contributions for all three methods are described using a common isobar model, and include the ρ(770)0, ω(782) and ρ(1450)0 resonances in the π+π- P-wave, the f2(1270) resonance in the π+π- D-wave, and the ρ3(1690)0 resonance in the π+π- F-wave. Significant CP-violation effects are observed in both S- and D-waves, as well as in the interference between the S- and P-waves. The results from all three approaches agree and provide new insight into the dynamics and the origin of CP-violation effects in B+→π+π+π- decays